Hubs, the fundamental networking devices that serve as central connection points for various devices within a local area network (LAN). Acting as simple and efficient signal repeaters, hubs receive data packets from one device and broadcast them to all other devices connected to the hub. While less sophisticated than switches or routers, hubs play a crucial role in basic network setups, providing a cost-effective and straightforward solution for small-scale networks. Available in both Ethernet and USB configurations, hubs offer multiple ports to accommodate numerous devices such as computers, printers, and other peripherals. They are particularly useful in scenarios where simplicity and cost-effectiveness are prioritized over advanced network management features